Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common medical disorders in the world. Bacteria are the main infectious agent that causes UTIs, and bacteriuria and leukocyturia are the hallmarks of urinary sediment in patients with UTI. Bacteria…
Image from Radiology Picture of the Day http://www.radpod.org/2007/06/19/xanthogranulomatous-pyelonephritis/ Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare but severe complication of chronic UTIs. I think of it (in simplistic terms) as a pyelonephritis so severe that it results in loss of…
I was asked to see 74 year old man with an acute on chronic kidney injury. He had 2 days of generalised lower abdominal pain and vomiting but no urinary symptoms or fever. His past history included advanced…
Mostly I think about the bladder, in a professional sense, as a possible site for obstruction to be ruled out. Occasionally, when I’m personally reminded about it, I wonder how much urine it can hold. (Pearl from residency:…
We are taught that water is freely diffusable via cell membranes–even in the absence of aquaporin function, there are usually some water molecules which traverse the lipid bilayer. However, there are tissues within the human body which must…
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare but severe complication of chronic UTIs. I think of it (in simplistic terms) as a pyelonephritis so severe that it results in loss of renal function of the affected kidney as well…
It took me until just recently to realize this, but the Tamm-Horsfall protein and uromodulin are two names for the same gene. As we all know, Tamm-Horsfall protein (discovered by Tamm and Horsfall in 1950) is the…
