Drug dosage adjustment can be a challenge in patients who develop acute kidney injury (AKI). It is suggested to adopt “a start low and go slow” approach when there is an uncertainty in drug dosing or pharmacokinetics. The…
If you’re regular reader of Urine Sediment posts, you know all about red cells, white cells, and epithelial cells by now – but what about the zebras of the urine sediment? In 2019 we talked about the so-called…
The concept of removing excess fluid via ultrafiltration (UF) is not a new one. The first described use of UF dates back to 1974. Back then, drip clamps were used to calibrate the amount of UF. For this…
Systemic glucocorticoids: an overview of side effects– Since the synthesis of cortisone in the 1950s, glucocorticoids have become a staple in the treatment of many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and a key component of immunosuppressive combinations for transplant…
Microscopic examination of the urinary sediment is essential in the evaluation of glomerular disease. The value of identification of urinary acanthocytes in the diagnosis of glomerular hematuria has been previously reviewed. Similarly, recognition of lipiduria consistent with glomerular…
What comes to the mind when someone mentions the tropical regions of the world (Figure 1)? Evergreen forests humming with life – a veritable treasure trove of flora and fauna, a region where the sun always shines benevolently…
The Nephrology Social Media Collective (NSMC) internship is a year-long internship where you can gain valuable skills making educational content online. The internship was established in 2015. Over 100 individuals have graduated from the program. Applications are now…
The circadian field has gained recent notoriety from three distinguished scientists (Jeffrey Hall, Michael Rosbasch, and Michael Young) being awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2017 for their isolation and characterization of the circadian gene…
Lithium has been a very efficacious drug in the management of bipolar and other mood disorders. There are several aspects of lithium use that Nephrologists need to be mindful of including its pharmacokinetics, its dosing and target concentrations,…
In the previous post, we talked about the Doppler effect, color flow and power Doppler modes. Now let us focus on the spectral Doppler. Spectral Doppler enables us to measure the velocity of blood flow as well as…