Recently two separate groups have reported the successful carrying out of the first-ever human transvaginal nephrectomy–one report coming from the Cleveland Clinic and another from Venezuela. The surgery is being developed as an even less invasive surgical approach than laparoscopy to nephrectomy–in the Cleveland Clinic case, for instance, the patient was able to be discharged within 24 hours following the procedure. Transvaginal nephrectomy is one of several procedures included in the evolving and acronymed field of NOTES (natural orifice translumenal endoscopy surgery).