Managing hypertension in pregnancy is difficult in the sense that there is not a lot of data to guide us. Most of the drugs listed as “safe during pregnancy” are considered so largely based on many years of…
What is hepcidin and why is it important to nephrologists? Hepcidin is a 25-amino acid peptide (see left) secreted by the liver which seems to be the “master regulator” of iron metabolism. It works by binding to the…
NSAIDs are a tricky class of drugs. As an internal medicine resident, I used to prescribe ibuprofen 800mg po tid willy-nilly for my clinic patients with back pain, since I generally had good results using this strategy, and…
The treatment of HIV infection has been radically changed with the development of HAART–highly active antiretroviral therapy. Fortunately for nephrologists, these medications are relatively safe from a renal standpoint. There are two notable exceptions to be aware of….
Eosinophils in the urine can be detected by applying a Hansel’s stain to the urine sediment. The presence of >1% eosinophils of the total urine WBCs constitute a positive test. In general, the same things which cause +urine…
Whenever you recommend that “cryoglobulins” be drawn on a patient, it is important to realize that the specimen must be collected in a very specific way. It cannot be simply “added on” to a specimen already drawn. Cryoglobulins…
The “MUDPALES” acronym, which details the main causes for anion gap metabolic acidosis (Methanol, Uremia, Diabetic ketoacidosis, Paraldehyde, Alcohol, Lactic acidosis, Ethylene glycol, Salicylate toxicity), is one of the most successful medical acronyms of all time. There are…
A subset of pediatric patients with a clinical and biochemical profile consistent with SIADH (the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion)–that is, euvolemic hyponatremia with an inappropriately elevated urine osmolarity–have low to undetectable levels of ADH. What’s going on?…
The acronym NODAT stands for “new onset diabetes after transplant”. Diabetes is one of the many complications which occur in the post-renal transplant setting. The reasons for this are manifold. Transplant recipients who require long-term steroids will obviously…
The collapsing form of FSGS is a histologic variant which is characterized by mesangial hypercellularity and resultant collapse of the glomerular capillaries, as illustrated in the photo to the left. Its identification is important for prognostic reasons as…
