The May issue of AJKD (Vol.55, No.5) had a nice supplement on TLS and AKI. Here is the link. Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) describes a condition with significant clinical and lab abnormalities caused by rapid and massive tumor…
Lisa Cohen recently summarized rare “genetic” forms of hypertension including Liddle’s syndrome and PHA type II (Gordon’s syndrome). I want to summarize other causes of “secondary” hypertension which are not inherited (at least not typically in a Mendelian…
ANATOMYThe tubulointerstial tissue is composed of cortex and medulla. The cortex has type 1 cells resembling fibroblasts and produces Epo. Type 2 cells in the cortex resemble dendritic cells capable of Ag presentation. Furthermore the cortex contains types…
African-Americans (AA) have higher rates of kidney disease than Americans of Caucasian ethnicity. Two years ago the MHY9 (non-muscle myosin heavy chain 9) locus on chromosome 22 has been associated with glomerulosclerosis and non-diabetic end stage renal disease…
Drug-induced autoimmune diseases of the kidney include SLE-like disease and drug-induced vasculitis (DIV). As many as 10% of all diagnosed Lupus cases in the US may be drug-induced Lupus (DIL). These syndromes typically develop after drug treatment for…
I attended a 2-day conference on home dialysis known as “PD University for fellows” sponsored by the International Society for PD (ISPD), Wake Forest University, Baxter and NxStage in Baltimore, MD. This is a free conference for renal…
Magnesium (Mg++) is a predominantly intracellular divalent cation which is critical for many metabolic processes and participates in >300 enzymatic reactions. It is essential for many critical transporters including the Sodium/Potassium ATPase cotransporter. Mg++ also has a critical…
Historically – before CHOIR and CREATE – Goals for anemia management were Hb level of 11-13 g/dl Iron saturation > 20% Ferritin >200. CREATE changed the tide which was followed by CHOIR. CREATE (Epo-β) had intent to treat…
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a clinicopathologic syndrome manifesting with proteinuria, usually of nephrotic range. Early in the disease process, there is a pattern of glomerular sclerosis that is focal, involving a subset of glomeruli, and segmental, involving…
The kidney contributes to glucose homeostasis by reabsorbing ~180 grams of glucose daily. Two sodium-coupled glucose transporters play an important role in this process, SGLT1 and SGLT2. Of these two, SGLT2 (encoded by the gene SLC5A2 on chromosome…
