The classical teaching about Dense Deposit Disease (DDD) usually begins with its classification as type II Membranoproliferative Disease. However, in the most recent edition of the NephSAP “Glomerular, Vascular, and Tubulointerstitial Diseases” module, the case is made that…
Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis is a rare but severe complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). It may occur even years after a patient has stopped PD, and is characterized by calcifications along the peritoneum and small bowel loops (see…
Electron microscopy of biopsy specimens from patients with membranous nephropathy demonstrate subepithelial deposits, leading to the hypothesis that immune complexes form in situ against antigens that are present on the podocyte foot process plasma membrane. Perhaps the strongest…
Rapamycin (sirolimus) is a commonly used immunosupressant deriving from the bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus, originally found on Easter Island. It was originally developed as an antifungal agent but later found to have potent immunosuppressive and antiproliferative properties. Although effective,…
Keeping with our theme of uric acid from yesterday: Do elevated uric acid levels play a causative role in essential hypertension? I just finished attending the Renal Grand Rounds at Beth Israel-Deaconess Hospital featuring Dr. Rick Johnson, a…
Interesting case from one of my calls last week (although I understandably would have been more enthusiastic about the case at the time had I been called about it 10 am rather than at 10 pm, prompting an…
The term chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) has long been used to describe the non-specific injury to kidney transplants that is the most common cause of late (>1 year post-transplant) allograft dysfunction. With the 2007 Banff classification system, however,…
Glucocorticoid-Remediable Aldosteronism (GRA) is an inherited autosomal dominant disorder which causes early-onset (often childhood) high blood pressure, often occuring in individuals with Celtic ancestry. It typically presents with standard symptoms of aldosteronism (hypertension, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis) with…
Question: How is renal plasma flow (RPF) measured? Answer: By measuring para-aminohippurate (PAH) clearance. How does it work? Ideally, one would simply choose a substance which is neither synthesized nor metabolized by the kidney; the amount of such…
Are renin inhibitors the next big weapon in the fight against hypertension? As we all know, ACE-I’s & ARB’s have so many renoprotective effects that there is substantial evidence towards using these medications as first-line agents for blood…