Cystinosis

Cystinosis is an autosomal recessive disease caused by a mutation in CTNS, which encodes the lysosomal transporter of cystine. Without this, cystine gradually accumulates in cells causing progressive damage. The commonest kind is “nephropathic cystinosis” which is the…

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The Renopoietic System

Early in 2009 Nate posted on work suggesting that renal tubular epithelial cells had the ability to repopulate the renal tubular epithelium after ischemia reperfusion injury. Since then, some amazing work has been done on what have been…

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Bardoxolone – Part 2

Last year, Matt wrote a great post detailing the preliminary results of a randomized, controlled trial that had been presented at the ASN in November. It was reported that the anti-inflammatory modulator, Bardoxolone, significantly increased eGFR, in a…

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Calcium blocker induced dependent oedema

Dihydropyridine (DHP) calcium channel blockers are notoriously associated with dependent oedema, but what mechanisms underlie the pathogenesis of this finding? Here are some explanations from a nice review I came across. Going back to Starling’s forces governing the…

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Hypokalaemia induced polyuria

Last time we reviewed the proposed mechanisms by which hypercalcaemia can induce polyuria. It’s important to know that hypokalaemia can also precipitate this presentation. So here are the proposed mechanisms for this scenario. Potassium is required for the…

A matter of protocol

The use of the protocol transplant biopsy is a divisive topic: some units see a protocol program as necessary for proper management post-transplantation, whilst others deride the whole concept as unnecessary. So who is right? Protocol biopsies are…

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Hematuria: Deep on the DDx

Recently at our biopsy conference we had the case of a healthy middle aged man presented who had come to medical attention with episodes of painless gross hematuria. He had consistent rbcs on UAs, normal renal imaging, a…

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