Each of the following choices is expected to occur during pregnancy except for A and D. Let’s go through each of the possible choices. A. This in partially incorrect. Hyperventilation (with resultant hypocapnea, not hypercapnea) occurs during pregnancy…
Partly because I like the idea of my patients taking spoonfuls of household remedies for their kidney disease, and partly because I like the elegant simplicity of the remedy, I was pleased to see another study touting the…
Hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis are considered precipitating factors for hepatic encephalopathy, as hypokalemia stimulates ammoniagenesis in the proximal tubule. Although, the mechanism is not entirely clear, the likely hypothesis is as follows: *Hypokalemia causes the movement of potassium…
I will share with you some of the tips I learned from my pathologist friend Ibrahim Batal.When evaluating an allograft kidney biopsy for acute changes, you should:First, scan at low power magnification, look for arteries, check for necrosis…
It can often be difficult to stop something once it’s been started; take statins for example. It seems that despite consistent evidence from two large, randomized controlled trails demonstrating the lack efficacy of statins for preventing cardiovascular mortality…
Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a frequent consult encountered on the nephrology service. The criteria have recently been revised. Conall reviewed the revised criteria on a prior post last year. To review the pathophysiology of HRS click here. In…
The way drug discoveries happen is always fascinating. Today, I heard Dr Nadler describe how he discovered Rituximab. He was a young oncology fellow at Dana-Farber back in 1979 when he convinced a colleague dentist to teach him…
I recently consulted on a patient with AKI who had undergone a bone marrow transplant a couple of months previously. While reviewing his labs, I noticed that he had ongoing BK viremia and I wondered whether or not…
African-Americans (AA) have higher rates of kidney disease than Americans of Caucasian ethnicity. Two years ago the MHY9 (non-muscle myosin heavy chain 9) locus on chromosome 22 has been associated with glomerulosclerosis and non-diabetic end stage renal disease…
The best answer is E. Encapsulating sclerosing peritonitis (ESP) This patient presented with true UF failure (