TREAT Trial

The TREAT trial was one of the bigger stories to emerge from this years ASN. This was a large, multicenter trial of darbepoeitin (Aranesp) vs. placebo in 4000 predialysis CKD patients with type 2 diabetes and anemia. The…

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The Uroplakins

We are taught that water is freely diffusable via cell membranes–even in the absence of aquaporin function, there are usually some water molecules which traverse the lipid bilayer.  However, there are tissues within the human body which must…

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“Dilutional Acidosis”

Though this is to some degree controversial, volume expansion with normal saline has been associated with the development of a hyperchloremic, non-anion gap metabolic acidosis.  What are the mechanisms associated with saline expansion-induced metabolic acidosis? The rationale for…

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Complications of Renal Biopsy

I’ve had to revise the renal biopsy complication rates that I’m quoting my patients after reading this review. – Technically, complications occur in 7.4% to 19.5% of patients. These mostly consist of self-limiting macroscopic hematuria or a peri-renal,…

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