MYH9

Any nephrologist practicing in the U.S. does not need to be told that there is an increased incidence of end-stage renal disease in blacks. Furthermore, certain diseases–such as collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), occur almost exclusively in black…

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The Declaration of Istanbul

In this month’s C-JASN, “The Declaration of Istanbul” is presented.   Recently a group of world leaders of the transplant community held a meeting in Istanbul, Turkey during which the general topic of discussion was the ethics of…

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ACE DD Polymorphism

The human angiotensin coverting enzyme (ACE) gene is located on chromosome 17q23 and is comprised of 26 exons and 25 introns. Importantly, there is an insertion/deletion polymorphism in which a 278-bp fragment is either present or absent within…

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What are Randall’s Plaques?

The latest theories on nephrolithiasis involve an anatomical lesion termed “Randall’s Plaques”, which are calcified, whitish plaques in the renal papillae which may be visualized during endoscopy (see arrows in Figure a, taken from a JCI paper by…

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Oxalate and Risk for Nephrolithiasis

Hyperoxaluria is one of the well-established risk factors for stone formation; this certainly makes sense as the most common type of kidney stone is of the calcium oxalate variety.  Interestingly, having high levels of serum oxalate does not…

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Maladie de Berger

The history of IgA Nephropathy is notable, in large part due to the many famous names of medicine which are associated with it. The disease was first described in 1801 by Heberden (of “Heberden’s nodes” fame) in a…

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K Channels

Potassium is obviously a key ion in nephrologists’ constant battle against reduced renal clearance. What about the potassium channels which are responsible for the trafficking of this ion in & out of the cell? There is a marked…

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ENAC Mutations

The ENAC channel in the distal tubule is responsible for sodium reabsorption. It is comprised of 2 alpha, 1 beta, and 1 gamma subunit with each encoded by a separate gene. Interestingly, mutations in ENAC can lead to…

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