Killifish are small, brightly-colored tropical fish which number well over a thousand different species. What makes them of interest to renal physiologists is their ability to adapt to both freshwater AND saltwater. It’s not a trivial accomplishment: when…
Phosphorus handling is a hot topic in renal physiology, especially considering the advanced being made in bone metabolism suggesting that vascular calcifications may play some role in the high mortality rate of chronic kidney disease patients. But how…
The zebrafish kidney is being increasingly studied, as it appears to offer several advantages for studying renal function. For one, it is transparent, allowing one to visualize kidney development in real-time. Second, it is a simplified system consisting…
Diuretics act at the apical surface of specific segments of the renal tubular epithelium. Question: how do diuretics get to the apical surface? One could imagine several such scenarios, such as diuretics getting filtered at the glomerulus and…
Homer Smith is considered the Father of Renal Physiology. He was a PhD (rather than an MD) whose studies on the fish renal system are amongst the first renal physiology experiments. For instance, his work on the goosefish…
I’m coming to you live for the next week from Mount Desert Island Biological Lab (MDIBL) in Maine, where I’m taking a course entitled “Origins of Renal Physiology.“ The course is designed for renal fellows such as myself…
Amphotericin is one of those medications which keeps nephrologists in business by virtue of its predictable nephrotoxic effects. The mechanism of amphotericin-induced renal failure is felt to be acute tubular necrosis (ATN); the drug binds to sterols in…
Cardiovascular disease is by far and away the #1 killer for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD_. Therefore, HMG coA reductase inhibitors (a.k.a. “statins”)–with their impressive track record of clinical trials showing a…
I have never seen “First Use Syndrome” firsthand, but it usually comes up as a topic when discussing “Complications of Dialysis.” It refers to a severe IgE-mediated anaphylactoid reaction which occurs during the first use of a dialyzer,…
Isopropyl alcohol is unique amongst the toxic alcohols (e.g., ethylene glycol, methanol, etc) in that it causes an osmolar gap WITHOUT causing an anion gap. In addition, unlike the toxic alcohols listed above, it is the isopropanol itself…