What the killifish can teach nephrologists

Killifish are small, brightly-colored tropical fish which number well over a thousand different species. What makes them of interest to renal physiologists is their ability to adapt to both freshwater AND saltwater. It’s not a trivial accomplishment: when…

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Zebrafish Glomerular Experiments

The zebrafish kidney is being increasingly studied, as it appears to offer several advantages for studying renal function. For one, it is transparent, allowing one to visualize kidney development in real-time. Second, it is a simplified system consisting…

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Diuretic effects

Diuretics act at the apical surface of specific segments of the renal tubular epithelium. Question: how do diuretics get to the apical surface? One could imagine several such scenarios, such as diuretics getting filtered at the glomerulus and…

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From Fish To Philosopher

Homer Smith is considered the Father of Renal Physiology. He was a PhD (rather than an MD) whose studies on the fish renal system are amongst the first renal physiology experiments. For instance, his work on the goosefish…

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Ampho-terrible

Amphotericin is one of those medications which keeps nephrologists in business by virtue of its predictable nephrotoxic effects. The mechanism of amphotericin-induced renal failure is felt to be acute tubular necrosis (ATN); the drug binds to sterols in…

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Statins in CKD: the 4D Study & More.

Cardiovascular disease is by far and away the #1 killer for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD_. Therefore, HMG coA reductase inhibitors (a.k.a. “statins”)–with their impressive track record of clinical trials showing a…

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First Use Syndrome

I have never seen “First Use Syndrome” firsthand, but it usually comes up as a topic when discussing “Complications of Dialysis.” It refers to a severe IgE-mediated anaphylactoid reaction which occurs during the first use of a dialyzer,…

Isopropyl Alcohol

Isopropyl alcohol is unique amongst the toxic alcohols (e.g., ethylene glycol, methanol, etc) in that it causes an osmolar gap WITHOUT causing an anion gap.  In addition, unlike the toxic alcohols listed above, it is the isopropanol itself…

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