Appropriate or inappropriate: stop guessing

In the evaluation of patients with hyponatremia (serum Na less than 135 mEq/L), differentiating hypovolemia from euvolemia is often challenging, particularly if the history and physical findings are unrevealing and frequently leads to misdiagnosis. This conundrum exists even…

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MMF and diarrhea

About 40% of patients treated with mycophenolate after transplantation develop GI side-effects, the commonest of which is diarrhea. A number of strategies can be employed to reduce the severity of these complaints. First, the dose can be taken…

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Is CKD a bubble?

KDOQI guidelines emerged in 2002, classifying CKD in 5 stages based on the presence of kidney damage or GFR below 60ml/min, irrespective of cause. This classification increased the awareness of CKD in the general population and placed the…

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Acetaminophen & the kidney

As a new renal fellow I’ve felt fairly comfortable with the list of NSAID associated renal conditions. But after taking care of a patient this past month with fulminant hepatic failure due to a Tylenol overdose it’s been…

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Is this normal?

When seeing consults on the maternity floor, figuring out the normal values at the various stages of pregnancy can be a frustrating experience. There are well recognized hemodynamic and biochemical changes which occur from the earliest stages of…

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Board question: Transplant answer

The correct answer is D. The criteria for expanded-criteria donors (ECD) are: age greater than 60 years old OR age 50 to 59 years old and at least two of the following: History of hypertension Terminal creatinine >…

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