Bortezomib in Myeloma Cast Nephropathy

Bortezomib is a proteosome inhibitor used primarily in the treatment of relapsed myeloma. However, it is increasingly being used in the management of myeloma cast nephropathy (MCN). Bortezomib binds to, and inhibits the function of, the 26S proteosome…

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Polycystic Kidney Disease, mTOR and Sirolimus

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by the gradual enlargement of multiple fluid filled cysts in both kidneys, which compress and destroy normal adjacent nephrons, typically resulting in ESRD by the fifth decade of life. Management…

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Hydrothorax in periteonal dialysis patients

In patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis, hydrothorax is defined as the presence of peritoneal dialysate fluid in the pleural cavity. This PD complication has an incidence of high glucose concentration and a variable cell count. Patients diagnosed with a…

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Hypercalcemia of Malignancy

Cancer-associated hypercalcemia is the #1 cause for hypercalcemia in the inpatient setting (in the outpatient setting, the main cause is primary hyperparathyroidism). In general, hypercalcemia of malignancy portends a poor prognosis, and there are three main mechanisms by…

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