Crystals are a frequent finding in the urinary sediment. Besides microcrystalline deposits (amorphous phosphates and urates), the most common types of crystals in my practice are: 1. CaOxalate dihydrate (COD) 2. CaOxalate monohydrate (COM) 3. Uric acid …
Dear Nephrology Fellows, Since it’s July, we wanted to share 10 free open access medical education (FOAMed) resources that we think will enhance your fellowship experience as both a learner and educator. We encourage you to visit and…
Understanding chronic kidney disease (CKD), and its associated health risks, has been a priority for clinical and basic researchers alike. For years, the role of serum uric acid levels in CKD as a marker or causal factor have…
More than 30-million Americans are living with diabetes and 90% of these people have type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). There are numerous complications associated with long-term diagnosis of DM2, with a prominent concern being the development of impaired…
Introduction Dialysis Access-Associated Steal Syndrome (DASS) has been reported in up to 6% patients with an arteriovenous (AV) access. However, the true incidence of clinically significant DASS, requiring surgical intervention, may be lower as reported in a prospective…
Introduction Home hemodialysis has been around since the mid-1960s, and a study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine in 1966 by Hampers and Merrill from Boston, MA reported their 13-month experience with 4 young (age 29-44 years),…
In April of this year, the highly-anticipated CREDENCE Trial was presented (and live-streamed) at the International Society of Nephrology (ISN) World Congress of Nephrology in Australia and simultaneously published in NEJM. But before we start dusting off our…
Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), estimated to account for 15-20% of cases of AKI. The term AIN does not refer to a specific disease, but rather indicates an immune-mediated form…
BK virus (BKV) is a DNA virus that infects up to 90% of the adult population. After initial exposure in childhood, the virus becomes latent in urothelial tissues. In transplant patients, BKV can reactivate in the context of…
As a resident, I received one of the most enduring pieces of advice from a friend who had recently sat through the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Nephrology Board examination. “You’re already late to study for it,…