Understanding the basic immunologic principles is crucial for transplant management. Below is a summary of basic transplant immunology. Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Proteins MHCs are the group of cell surface proteins which are important for self-recognition, self-tolerance and…
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have emerged as a breakthrough therapy for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) reducing key cardiovascular and kidney endpoints. These effects appear to be independent of their effects on blood pressure and glucose….
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common medical disorders in the world. Bacteria are the main infectious agent that causes UTIs, and bacteriuria and leukocyturia are the hallmarks of urinary sediment in patients with UTI. Bacteria…
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with multisystem involvement and no cure. Among patients with SLE, roughly 50% develop lupus nephritis and are at risk of developing lupus nephritis-related end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Current therapies for…
In a unique collaboration between the UK Renal Association SpR Club and The Royal Society of Medicine Nephrology Section, the annual Renal SpR club Autumn meeting will explore issues of multi-system dysfunction and multi-morbidity in kidney diseases on the…
Microscopic examination of the urinary sediment in the context of hyperbilirubinemia and increased urinary bilirubin excretion requires special attention to the unique chromatic characteristics acquired by the specimens. As serum bilirubin increases, a yellow-tinged urine becomes increasingly noticeable….
Eryn DixonPostdoctoral FellowWashington University School of Medicine in St. Louis Uric acid is the final metabolic byproduct of purine nucleotide breakdown (Figure 1a) and its accumulation causes hyperuricemia, which is highly prevalent and heritable. The major consequence of…
1. Dress the Part- Obviously, wear professional clothing similar to what you would to a traditional interview – the added benefit is that you can quickly adapt – for example, slip off a blazer- if all your interviewers…
Welcome to the 11th case of the Skeleton Key Group, a team of twenty -odd nephrology fellows who work together to build a monthly education package for Renal Fellow Network. The cases are actual cases (without patient identifying…
Amyloidoses are a group of diseases resulting from deposition of amyloid, insoluble fibrils derived from various precursor proteins, into extracellular tissues. Amyloidoses are acquired or hereditary, and depending on where amyloid deposits, can affect a wide range of…